ABSTRACT
Dimethoxy ether of Leucopelargonidin-3-0-alpha-L rhamnoside isolated from the bark of the Indian Banyan tree Ficus bengalensis Linn. was tested for antidiabetic effect. At a medium effective dose (100 mg/kg) on oral administration, the compound showed significant hypoglycemic and serum insulin raising action in normal as also moderately diabetic dogs (induced by alloxan) during a period of two hours. The mechanism of action of the glycoside compound seems to be similar to that of drugs which stimulate insulin secretion. On acute and chronic administration in single doses of 0.2-1.8 g/kg to different groups of mice and daily administration of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg to rats for a period of one month respectively did not show any toxic effect and the compound was not lethal even at the high dose of 1.8 g/kg in experimental animals.
Subject(s)
Alloxan , Animals , Anthocyanins , Blood Glucose/analysis , Chromans/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Dogs , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/blood , Mannosides/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Glycoside of leucopelargonidin isolated from the bark of F. bengalensis demonstrated significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and serum insulin raising effects in moderately diabetic rats with close similarities to the effects of a minimal dose of glibenclamide. The main difference observed in their effects was that the former significantly enhanced the fecal excretion of sterols and bile acids while the later has no such action even though both controlled hypercholesteremia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anthocyanins , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Flavonoids/chemistry , Glycosylation , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Male , Plants, Medicinal , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
The antidiabetic effect of a dimethoxy derivative of perlargonidin 3-O-alpha-L rhamnoside (250 mg/kg, single dose study and 100 mg/kg/day long term study) isolated from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn. has been compared with that of glibenclamide (2 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg/day respectively) in moderately diabetic rats. The single dose glycoside treatment decreased fasting blood glucose by 19% and improved glucose tolerance by 29%. The corresponding effects of glibenclamide were 25% and 66% respectively over the control values. On one-month treatment the fasting blood glucose levels went down almost to half of the pretreatment levels in both the groups and their glucose tolerance improved by 41% in glibenclamide group and by 15% in glycoside treated group. Urine sugar decreased to traces in both the groups and they appeared healthy. In vitro studies showed that insulin secretion by beta-cells was more in presence of the pelargonidin derivative than in presence of a leucocyanidin derivative, reported to be a good anti-diabetic agent.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anthocyanins , Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Glyburide/pharmacology , Glycosides/pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Insulin/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Glycogen phosphorylase (1,4-alpha-D-glucan:orthophosphate-alpha-D-glucosyl transferase, EC 2.4.1.1) was partially purified from two bivalves found in different habitats, viz. Villorita cyprenoides, an estuarine bivalve, and Sunetta scripta, a marine bivalve, and their properties compared with other animal phosphorylases. While the kinetic mechanism was same as that of phosphorylases from other animal sources, it differed in the control mechanism from other phosphorylases. The observed differences support the earlier finding that the control mechanism adopted by different animals is dependent on the evolutionary status and energy needs.